The Pantograph Demythologized Bibliography Rev. 12, 2018-08-21 The presentation for which this is the bibliography is at: http://www.CircuitousRoot.com/artifice/letters/pantocut/index.html Anon. "The Types of a Quarter Century." _The Inland Printer_, Vol. 79, No. 5 (August, 1927): 811-817. Reprinted by CircuitousRoot at: http://www.CircuitousRoot.com/artifice/letters/press/typemaking/history/how/index.html Ahrens, Tim and Shoko Mugikura. _Size-specific Adjustments to Type Designs: An investication of the principles guiding the design of optical sizes_. [No location]: Just Another Foundry, 2014. ATF. _American Specimen Book of Type Styles [and] Complete Catalogue of Printing Machinery and Printing Supplies_. Jersey City, NJ: American Type Founders Company, 1912. ATF. _One Hundred Years_. Philadelphia, PA: MacKellar, Smiths & Jordan [American Type Founders Company], 1896. This was published by the Philadelpha manufacturing foundry of American Type Founders Company four years after the amalgamation of ATF into a single firm. At the time it was published, the former MacKellar, Smiths and Jordan foundry did not exist; it just continued to act as if it did. Ayres, James. _The Artist's Craft: A History of Tools, Techniques and Materials_. Oxford: Phaidon, 1985. Bauer, Konrad F. _Wie eine Buchdruckschrift entsteht_. [How Printing Type is Created] Frankfurt am Main: Bauersche Giesserei, n.d. [1933?] 20pp. A scan of this book is online at http://www.drukwerkindemarge.org/techniek/handleidingen/ Bauer, Konrad F. _Wie eine Buchdruckschrift entsteht_. [How Printing Type is Created] Frankfurt am Main: Bauersche Giesserei, n.d. [1953?] 30pp. This book was issued twice with the same title but a different number of pages. A biographical sketch of Konrad Friedrich Bauer at the Klingspor Museum http://www.klingspor-museum.de/KlingsporKuenstler/Schriftdesigner/BauerK_BaumW/BauerBaum.pdf identifies the 20 page version, in a list of his publications, as "30er Jahre"; the other (30 pages) is identified as "50er Jahre." K.F.Bauer was born 1903-12-09, so I presume that "30er Jahre," if it refers to his age at the time, would be roughly 1933. If so, 50er Jahre would be roughly 1953. Bauer Type Foundry. _Human Touch_. NY: The Spiral Press, 1937. [Benton Punchcutting] "Items of Interest." _The Inland Printer_, Vol. 1, No. 10 (July, 1884): 21. Benton, Waldo & Co. announce the ability to cut punches in steel. It is probably not coincidental that in the same issue (on the same page, even) Benton describes his "self-spacing" (that is, unit-set) type. Bobrick, E., et al., _Das neue buch der erfindungen, gewerbe und industrien_. [The New Book of Inventions, Trade, and Industry] 5th ed. Band 1. Leipzig: Verlagsbuchhandlung von Otto Spamer, 1864. Article: "Die graphischen künste in tombinirter unwendung auf die herstellung von werthpapieren." [The graphic arts in combined use on the manufacture of securities] Digitized by Google from the NYPL copy and available via The Hathi Trust nyp.33433066383765. Bohadti, Gustav. _Die Buchdruck Letter: Ein Handbuch für das Schriftgiesserei-und-Buchdruckgewerbe_. West-Berlin: Ullstein A.G., 1954. Boone, Andrew R. "Type by Goudy." _Popular Science_. (April, 1942): 114-119. Bruce Letter-Foundry. _A Specimen of Printing Types and Ornaments Cast in the Letter-Foundry of George Bruce_. NY: George Bruce, 1828. Digitized by Google from the New York Public Library copy and available via The Hathi Trust. Hathi ID: nyp.33433006349736. Bullen, Henry Lewis [writing as "Quadrat"]. "Discursions of a retired Printer," No. 7. _The Inland Printer_. Vol. 38, No. 4 (January, 1907): 513-521. Subjects: "The Three Great Reforms in Typemaking. - The Originators of the American Point, Unit-Set, and Lining Systems for Type. - A Typefounder's Invention which Overcame a Serious Obstacle to the Success of the Linotype. - Sidelights on the Invention of the Linotype. - A Printer Who Invented the Pianola." Bullen, Henry Lewis [writing as "Quadrat"]. "Discursions of a retired Printer," No. 13. _The Inland Printer_. Vol. 39, No. 5 (August, 1907): 674 (frontis), 675-683. Subjects: "An Ideal American Citizen - The Inventor of Wood Types and the Routing Machine, and His Successors and Competitors." Bullen, Henry Lewis. "Origin and Development of the Linotype Machine, Part 1." _The Inland Printer_. Vol. 72, No. 5 (February, 1924): 769-771. This is the second of a six-part series of articles. Carter, Harry. "Optical Scale in Typefounding." _Typography_, No. 4 (Autumn 1937): 2-6. Reprinted in the _Printing Historical Society Bulletin_, No. 13 (1984): 144-148. Chappell, Warren. _A Short History of the Printed Word_. NY: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1970. Cinamon, Gerald. _Rudolf Koch: Letterer, Type Designer, Teacher_. New Castle, DE and London: Oak Knoll Press and The British Library, 2000. Cincinnati Type Foundry. _Specimen of Printing Types_. (1857). Cincinnati, OH: Cincinnati Type Foundry, 1857. Partial facsimile reprint, with introduction by Richard L. Hopkins, By David W. Peat (Indianapolis, IN, [n.d.]). Cincinnati Type Foundry. _The Cincinnati Type Foundry Co.'s Specimen and Price List_. Cincinnati, OH: Cincinnati Type Foundry Co., 1870. Digitized by Google from the New York Public Library copy and available via The Hathi Trust. Hathi ID: nyp.33433006349736. Clark, D. K. _The Exhibited Machinery of 1862: A Cyclopædia of the Machinery Represented at the International Exhibition_. London: Day & Son, 1862. Scanned by Google from the Harvard University copy. https://books.google.com/books?id=i9EOAAAAYAAJ Cooper, Denis R. _The Art and Craft of Coinmaking: A History of Minting Technology_. London : Spink & Sons, 1988. Cost, Patricia A. _The Bentons: How an American Father and Son Changed the Printing Industry_. Rochester, NY: RIT Cary Graphic Arts Press, 2011. ISBN: 978-1-933360-42-3. Dair, Carl. _Epistles to the Torontonians_. Toronto, Ontario and New Castle, DE: Coach House Press with Sheridan College and Oak Knoll Press, 2015. His comment on having been given a choice of metals to work with is in his 4th epistle (undated, on what would be p. 30 in this unpaginated section of the book). Daniels, George. _The Art of Breguet_. London: Sotheby Parke Bernet, 1975. DeVinne, Theodore Low. _The Practice of Typography: Plain Printing Types_. NY: The Century Company, 1900. Dickinson, Henry Winram. _The Garret Workshop of James Watt_. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1929. Elliott Co. _Catalog and Price List_, No. 6. Pittsburgh, PA: B. K. Elliott \& Co. [undated, with 1943 price list in back pocket]. [E&PM Pantograph] "Engraving Machine." _American Machinist_. Vol. 51, No. 1 (July 3, 1919): 41. ("Shop Equipment News" column) Fournier, Pierre Simon. Trans. Harry Carter. _Fournier on Typefounding: The Text of the Manuel Typographique (1764-1766) translated into English and edited with notes_. London: Soncino Press, 1930. This was reprinted, with a new Foreword and additional bibliography, in 1980 (NY: Burt Franklin, 1980). Carter's comment on patrix cutting is on page 40, footnote 1. Gorton. _Instruction Book and Parts Catalog for Gorton Pantograph Machines, Standard Type_. Racine, WI: George Gorton Machine Co., 1935. Gorton. _New 3-Dimensional Pantographs_. Racine, WI: George Gorton Machine Co., 1935. A scan of this manual by Joel Havens is online on the VintageMachinery.org site at: http://vintagemachinery.org/pubs/detail.aspx?id=17768 Gorton. _Tools of Tomorrow_. Racine, WI: George Gorton Machine Co., 1957 A scan of this manual is online on the VintageMachinery.org site, their item 17768. [Goudy] "Type: Frederic W. Goudy Here Demonstrates the Design of One of Advertising's Oldest Devices, a Type Face." _Advertising and Selling_. Vol. 32, No. 6 (May, 1939): 38-39. These images have been reprinted by CircuitousRoot at: http://www.CircuitousRoot.com/artifice/letters/press/typemaking/literature/general/index.html#goudy Goudy, Frederic W. _Typologia_. Berkeley, CA: The University of California Press, 1940. Paperback reprint 1977. Although both editions of Typologia remain in copyright, it is available for free viewing (but not downloading) online on Google Books by arrangement with the University of California Press. Find it using the Google Books Advanced Search: http://books.google.com/advanced_book_search Hallock, Homan. "Arabic Type and the Bible." _Bible Society Record_. Vol. 11, No. 1 (January 1866): 4-5. [Hardinge] "Henry H. Hardinge." _The Public: A National Journal of Fundamental Democracy & A Weekly Narrative of History in the Making_. Vol. 13, No. 610 (1909-12-10): 1182-1184, portrait as a supplement. Chicago: Louis F. Post, 1909. Digitized by Google from the University of Michigan copy and available via The Hathi Trust. Hathi ID: mdp.39015080272167. Harrison, John. "Matrix Making at Stephen Austin and Sons; Work Leds to Merger with Ludlow, U.S. Closure. _ATF Newsleter_, No. 33 (October 2009): 32-34. Harwerth, Willi, illus. _1924 Klingspor Kalender [title on cover] / Ein Kalender auf das Jahr neunzehundertvierundzwangig mit Bildern der handwerklichen Vewrrichtungen, die in unserem Betriebe gepflegt werden_. Offenbach am Main, Germany: Gebr. Klingspor, 1923. Henderson, C. Hanford. "Glass-Making. Part V. Glass in Science" _Popular Science Monthly_, Vol. 39, No. 5 (September, 1891): 629-633. Hofstadter, Douglas R. "Meta-Font, Metamathematics, and Metaphysics: Comments on Donald Knuth's 'The Concept of a Meta-Font." _Visible Language_. Vol. 16, No. 4 (Autumn 1982): 309-338. This issue of _Visible Language_ also contains other responses and a reply by Knuth. Hofstadter's paper is available online as an Indiana University Technical Report, No. 136. ftp://www.cs.indiana.edu/pub/techreports/TR136.pdf Hunt, ed. _Ure's Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines_. Vol. IV. Supplement. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1878. Johnson, Bridget Lynn. _A Model for Automatic Optical Scaling of Type Designs for Conventional and Digital Technology_. M.S. Thesis, May 1987. Rochester, NY: Rochester Institute of Technology, 1987. This thesis is available online at the R.I.T. Digital Media Library Repository at: https://ritdml.rit.edu/handle/1850/11567 Kahan, Basil. _Ottmar Mergenthaler: The Man and His Machines_. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press, 2000. On p. 48, Kahan quotes from Whitelaw Reid's correspondence showing that in 1888 the Mergenthaler company was contracting with Benton, Waldo for punchcutting. Kaup, W. J. "Modern Automatic Type Making Methods." _American Machinist_. Vol. 32 (December 16, 1909): 1042-1046. Digitized by Google from the Princeton University copy and available via The Hathi Trust (Hathi ID: njp:32101048918864) Kelly, Rob Roy. _American Wood Type: 1828-1900_. NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1969. Reissued in 2010 by Liber Apertus Press, Saratoga, CA. Knuth, Donald E. "The Concept of a Meta-Font." _Visible Language_. Vol. 16, No. 1 (Winter 1982): 3-27. This has been reprinted in: Knuth, Donald E. _Digital Typography_. Stanford: Center for the Study of Language and Information [CSLI], 1999. Pages 289-313. Koch, Paul. "The Making of Printing Types." Trans. Otto W. Fuhrmann. In _The Dolphin: A Journal of the Making of Books_. No. 1. NY: The Limited Editions Club, 1933. Pages 24-57. Available online at Carnegie-Mellon University's Posner Library: http://posner.library.cmu.edu/Posner/ Koch, Rudolf and Fritz Kredel, with Warren Chappell. "On Punch Cutting & Wood Cutting." _The Colophon_ [original series], Part Ten (1932): [unpaginated]. Lane, John A. and Mathieu Lommen (writers), and John A. Lane, Mathieu Lommen and Johan de Zoete (compilers). _Letterproeven van Nederlandse geiterijen / Dutch Typefounders' Specimens_. [bilingual]. Nieuwkoop: De Graaf Publishers and Amsterdam: De Buitenkant, 1998. Lane, John A. "Twentieth-Century Punchcutters." _Matrix_. No. 11 (Winter 1991): 7-32. Legros, Lucien A. "Typecasting and Composing Machinery." This is a very long article by Legros on this subject; a sort of a warm-up for Typographical Printing Surfaces (Legros and Grant, 1916) . Published in two versions (at least), both of which are available online via Google Books: (1) ["Excerpts Minutes of Proceedings of the Meeting of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers in London, 18th December, 1908."] London: The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1908. (The reproduction of this version in Google Books is much better than that of the next version.) (2) Proceedings [of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers]. 1908, Parts 3-4. London: The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1908. Pages 1027-1222. The reproduction of this version in Google Books is poorer than that of the previous version, and several of the plates are incomplete (it looks as if they were photographed while being turned). Legros, Lucien Alphonse and John Cameron Grant. _Typographical Printing Surfaces_. London: Longman, Green and Co., 1916. [Leschot] "Georges Leschot." _Journal Suisse d'Horlogerie_, 8th year [1883-1884], No. 9 (March 1884): pp. 250-254. Leschot's obituary. Lewis, Bernard. _Behind the Type: The Life Story of Frederic W. Goudy_. Pittsburgh, PA: Department of Printing, Carnegie Institute of Technology, 1941. [Lotz] "Improved Engraving Machines." _Scientific American_, Vol. 33, No. 3 (July 17, 1875): 34. Loy, William E. "Designers and Engravers of Type. No. 1, Introduction." The Inland Printer. Vol. 20, No. 5 (1898-02), p. 621. Below I'll cite specifically his articles on Ruthven and Hanrahan, but see in general his articles on West, Ihlenburg, Kay, Herriet Sr., Lounsbury, and Wehrle. Loy's series of articles has been reprinted (augmented by type samples from Steve Saxe's collection) as: Loy, William E., and Stephen O. Saxe and Alastair M. Johnston, eds. _Nineteenth-Century American Designers and Engravers of Type_. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press, 2009. Loy, William E. "Designers and Engravers of Type. No. 11, Gustav [sic] F. Schroeder." _The Inland Printer_. Vol. 22, No. 3 (1898-12), p. 338. Loy, William E. "Designers and Engravers of Type. No. 15, Edwin C. Ruthven." _The Inland Printer_. Vol. 23, No. 1 (1899-04), p. 64. Loy, William E. "Designers and Engravers of Type. No. 19, Nicholas J. Werner." _The Inland Printer_. Vol. 23, No. 5 (1899-08), p. 595. Loy, William E. "Designers and Engravers of Type. No. 21, John E. Hanrahan." _The Inland Printer_. Vol. 24, No. 1 (1899-10), p. 95. Mahr, Karl. _Der Druckbuchstabe: Sein Werdegang in der Schriftgießerei dargestellt in Holzschnitten und Versen . ([no location, but Mahr in Frankfurt a. M.]: Verein Deutscher Schriftgießereien E.D., 1928). Three illustrations from Mahr were reprinted in the Bauer foundry's US publication _Human Touch_ (1937). Mahr book was translated by Paul Hayden Duensing and reprinted as: Mahr, Karl and Paul Hayden Duensing (trans.). _Printing Types: Their Birth in the Typefoundry Depicted in Woodcut and Verse by Karl Mahr. Published by Paul Hayden Duensing, 2009. Printed by the Pioneer Press of West Virginia (Richard L. Hopkins, Prop.) Mergenthaler Linotype Co. "The Autobiography of a Capital B: Being a Graphic Tale of Creation and Embodiment, Not Without a Certain Punch." _The Linotype Bulletin_. Vol. 17, No. 11 (July 1923). Mergenthaler Linotype Co. "The Eighth Wonder." Film. Brooklyn, NY: Mergenthaler Linotype Co., 1961. This is online at Doug Wilson's http://printingfilms.com Mergenthaler, Ottmar and Carl Schlesinger, ed. _The Biography of Ottmar Mergenthaler, Inventor of the Linotype_. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Books, 1989. Schlesinger reverse-engineers the fact that the "Blower Linotype" used electroformed matrices, on the basis of a close examination of work printed using it. But if you examine Ottmar Mergenthaler's US Patent 347,629 (filed October 23, 1885 and issued Aug. 17, 1886), which is one of the basic patents for the "Blower Linotype," you can clearly see electroformed Linotype matrices shown in Figures 35 through 39, Figure 6, and Figure 21. [Monotype UK] _A Monotype Composing Machine_. Silent film. London [works in Salfords]: The Lanston MoNOTYPE cOrp. Ltd., 1925. A copy of this was discovered by Dan Tait-Jamieson of The Printing Museum in New Zealand. Initial digitization by Tait-Jamieson. Subsequent digital cleanup for this version by Doug Wilson. McGrew, Mac. _American Metal Typefaces of the Twentieth Century_. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Books, 1993. [Newton, A.V.] "Maschine um Buchstaben und Figuren von verschiedenartiger Form in Holz oder andere Materialien zu scheiden, welche sich Alfred Vincent Newton, Patenagent in London, am 29. August 1850 patentiren liess." [Dingler's] _Polytechnisches Journal_. Band 122, No. 52 (1851): 251-253. Nordin, Joh. Gabr. _Handbok i Boktryckarekonsten_. Stockholm, P. A. Norstedt & Söners, 1881. This has been digitized by Google from the NYPL copy. ID 5o5QAAAAYAAJ. A better digitization (though harder to download) has been done by Project Runeberg: http://runeberg.org/download.pl?mode=3Dwork&work=3Dnjgboktr [Ogata] _Official Catalogue of the Third Machine Tool Exhibition_, Sydney, Australia (1965). users.beagle.com.au/lathefan/1965%20machine%20tool%20exhibition.pdf Pollard, J. G. "Matthew Boulton and the Reducing Machine in England." _The Numismatic Chronicle_. Seventh Series, Vol. 11 (1971): 311-317. Royal Numismatic Society. This article may be viewed online for free via the JSTOR commercial service, at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/42664565 Preis. _Operating Manual and Parts List for All Preis Panto Engravers_. Catalog No. 67. Hillside, NJ: H. P. Preis Engraving Machine Company, 1967. Online at: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Pantograph_Engravers/files/ Rehak, Theo. _Practical Typecasting_. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Books, 1993. Rimmer, Jim. _Pie Tree Press: Memories from the Composing Room Floor, With Illustrations & Type Designs by Jim Rimmer_. Kentville, Nova Scotia: Gaspereau Press, 2008. Rochon, Alexis-Marie de [l'Abbé Rochon]. "A Memoir on the Typographic Arts, by Alexis Rochon, of the French National Institute, and Director of the Marine Observatory at the Port of Brest." _A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts_ [Nicholson's Journal], Vol. 3, [No. 2] (May 1799): 61-73. Digitized by Google. ID ho4yAQAAMAAJ. Rochon, Alexis-Marie de [l'Abbé Rochon]. _Recueil de Memoires sur La Mécanique et la Physique_. Paris: Ches Barrois l'aîne, 1783. Digitized by the ETH Zurich and available in ther e-rara archive at: https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/titleinfo/12213951 Persistent link http://doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-41997 Roland, Henry. "The Revolution in Machine-Shop Practice: 1, - The Evolution of the Tool Maker." _The Engineering Magazine_. Vol. 18, No. 1 (October, 1899): 41-58. Rollins, Carl Purington. "American Type Designers and Their Work." Print. Vol. 5, No. 4 (1948): 1-20. This is a reprint of much of the material in Rollins' 1947 literature for the Lakeside/Donnelley exhibition. Note that this article by Rollins is at the present time often being mis-cited as either " Print, No. 4" or " Print, Vol. 4, #1". Both of these citations are incorrect. Digitally reprinted by CircuitousRoot at: http://www.CircuitousRoot.com/artifice/letters/press/history-of-printing/heroic-age/rollins/index.html Salade, Robert F. _Plate Printing and Die Stamping_. NY: Oswald Publishing Company, 1917. This book has been digitized by the Library of Congress and is available in full on The Internet Archive at: http://www.archive.org/details/plateprintingdie00sala/ Saxe, Stephen O. "The Bruce Pivotal Caster and Its Influence on Nineteenth-Century Typography." _Journal of the Printing Historical Society_. New Series, No. 14 (Summer 2016): 37-62. [Science Museum / Board of Education, South Kensington]. _Catalogue of the Mechanical Engineering Collection in the Science Division of the Victoria and Albert Musuem, South Kensington_. Part II. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1908. Richard Roberts' single-arm pantograph drilling machine is described on pp. 271-272. [Shield] "Shield's Gravirmaschine (Pantograph); ausgeführt von Lockett, Leake und Comp. in Manchester. Mit Abbildungen auf Taf. XII [c/3]." Dingler's _Polytechnisches Journal_. Band 215 (1875): 501-507. Silver, Rollo G. "Trans-Atlantic Crossing: The Beginning of Electrotyping in America." _Journal of the Printing Historical Society_. [First Series,] No. 10 (1974/5): 83-103. Scheiner, Christoph. _Pantographice seu Ars Delineandi Res Quaslibet per Parallelogrammum Lineare seu Cavum, Mechanicum, Mobile_. Rome: Typographia Ludouici Grignani, 1631. Digitized by the Getty Research Institute from their copy and presented at The Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008065183 [Schmidt] "Der Pantograph als Gravirmaschine." _Polytechnisches Centralblatt_. Leipzig, Georg Bigand, 1866. [Sorensen] _Report of the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey, Showing the Progress of the Survey during the YEar 1869_. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1872. Tanner, Albert. _Das Schiffchen fliegt, die Maschine rauscht: Weber, Sticker und Fabrikanten in der Ostschweiz_. Zürich: Unionsverlag, 1985; ISBN 3-293-00084-3 Updike, Daniel Berkeley. _Printing Types: Their History, Form, and Use: A Study in Survivals_. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1922. Printed by D. B. Updike, The Merrymount Press, Boston. Warde, Beatrie L. "Cutting Types for the Machines: A Layman's Account." In _The Dolphin: A Journal of the Making of Books_. No. 2. NY: The Limited Editions Club, 1935. Pages 60-70. Available online at Carnegie-Mellon University's Posner Library: http://posner.library.cmu.edu/Posner/ Werner, Nicholas J. [An unidentified article in _The American Printer_ in 1925; I have not yet tracked this down.] Werner, Nicholas J. "Saint Louis' Place on the Typefounders' Map," _The Inland Printer_, vol. 79, no. 5 (August, 1927): 764-766. Werner, Nicholas. J. "An Address by N. J. Werner of St. Louis." St. Louis: [St. Louis Club of Printing House Craftsmen], 1931. Reprinted as "St. Louis in Type-Founding History" (1941). Werner, Nicholas J. "St. Louis in Type-Founding History." _Share Your Knowledge Review_. Vol. 22, No. 3 (January 1941): 21. A reprint of his 1931 St. Louis "Address." Werner, Nicholas J. "Wiebking Created Popular Faces in Chicago, Friend Discloses." _The Inland Printer_ Vol. 90, No. 2 (November 1932): 71-73. Wernicke, Julius. "Neues aus der schriftgiesserei." _Klimsch's Jahrbuch_. Band IX (1909): 31-42. Wilkes, Walter. _Das Schriftgießen: Von Stempelschnitt, Matrizenfertigung und Letterguss: eine Dokumentation von Walter Wilkes_. Darmstadt, Germany: Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, 1990. Also Stuttgart, Germany: Hauswedell, 1990.\par ISBN: 3-7762-0311-0 (same for both Darmstadt and Stuttgart editions). ISBN-13: 978377620311.